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By P. Gorn. Bethel College, Newton, Kansas. 2018.

Marciniak D discount torsemide 10 mg otc hypertension 10, Furey C buy torsemide 10mg otc prehypertension is defined by what value, Shaffer JW (2005) Osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Sotereanos DG, Plakseychuk AY, Rubash HE (1997) Free vascularized fibula grafting for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Scully SP, Aaron RK, Urbaniak JR (1998) Survival analysis of hips treated with core decompression or vascularized fibular grafting because of avascular necrosis. Urbaniak JR, Coogan PG, Gunneson EB, et al (1995) Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with free vascularized fibular grafting. Yoo MC, Chung DW, Hahn CS (1992) Free vascularized fibula grafting for the treat- ment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Malizos KN, Quarles LD, Dailiana ZH, et al (2004) Analysis of failures after vascular- ized fibular grafting in femoral head necrosis. Soucacos PN, Beris AE, Malizos K, et al (2001) Treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head with vascularized fibular transplant. Rijnen WH, Gardeniers JW, Buma P, et al (2003) Treatment of femoral head osteone- crosis using bone impaction grafting. Lai KA, Shen WJ, Yang CY, et al (2005) The use of alendronate to prevent early col- lapse of the femoral head in patients with nontraumatic osteonecrosis. Nishii T, Sugano N, Miki H, et al (2006) Does alendronate prevent collapse in osteo- necrosis of the femoral head?. Kim SY, Kim YG, Kim PT, et al (2005) Vascularized compared with nonvascularized fibular grafts for large osteonecrotic lesions of the femoral head. Gilbert A, Judet H, Judet J, et al (1986) Microvascular transfer of the fibula for necrosis of the femoral head. Aluisio FV, Urbaniak JR (1998) Proximal femur fractures after free vascularized fibular grafting to the hip. Dailiana ZH, Gunneson EE, Urbaniak JR (2003) Heterotopic ossification after treat- ment of femoral head osteonecrosis with free vascularized fibular graft. Vail TP, Urbaniak JR (1996) Donor-site morbidity with use of vascularized autogenous fibular grafts. Gangji V, Hauzeur JP, Matos C, et al (2004) Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with implantation of autologous bone-marrow cells. Hernigou P, Beaujean F (2002) Treatment of osteonecrosis with autologous bone marrow grafting. Lieberman JR, Conduah A, Urist MR (2004) Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with core decompression and human bone morphogenetic protein. Mont MA, Jones LC, Elias JJ, et al (2001) Strut-autografting with and without osteo- genic protein-1: a preliminary study of a canine femoral head defect model. J Bone Joint Surg 83A:1013–1022 Large Osteonecrotic Femoral Head Lesions 115 64. Yang C, Yang S, Du J, et al (2003) Vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfection to enhance the repair of avascular necrosis of the femoral head of rabbit. Reis ND, Schwartz O, Militianu D, et al (2003) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a treat- ment for stage-I avascular necrosis of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg 85B: 371–337 A Modified Transtrochanteric Rotational Osteotomy for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head 1 2 3 Taek Rim Yoon , Sang Gwon Cho , Jin Ho Lee , and 4 Suk Hyun Kwon Summary. The aim of this study is to report the clinical results of modified transtro- chanteric osteotomy in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The authors used a modi- fied transtrochanteric osteotomy for rotational osteotomy in which the greater trochanter is not detached. In 82 cases (75 patients), the mean age was 33 years; 14 were classified as Ficat stage 2, 55 as stage 3, and 13 as Ficat stage 4. We performed simple modified rotational osteotomy in 16 cases, a combination of osteotomy and simple bone grafting in 7, and a combination of osteotomy and muscle pedicle bone grafting in 59 cases. Postoperative evaluation utilized radiographic findings and the Harris hip score. Among the 77 surviv- ing cases, excellent results were obtained in 47 hips, good in 22, fair in 5, and poor in 3. Including 3 cases that were classed as poor, overall survival rate was 90%. Using modified transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy, we were able to obtain satisfactory results.

Most of the women who come into the surgery worried about breast lumps are young torsemide 10 mg mastercard heart attack chest pain, that is discount torsemide 10 mg otc arteria spanish, under 50—though the vast majority of deaths from breast cancer are in women over 65. Only one woman in 136 in Britain dies of breast cancer before the age of 50. Though the risk of dying from breast cancer increases with age, it appears to progress more slowly in older women, so that they often live long enough to die from some other cause. One of the ironies of discussing the risks of breast cancer is that, if the woman smokes, she has a greater risk of dying from lung cancer; even if she is a non- smoker, she is far more likely to die of heart disease. Public awareness of breast cancer has intensified the demand for screening tests which promise early diagnosis. The most basic is the technique of breast self-examination, which is generally recognised to be much more effective in generating anxiety than it is at detecting tumours (Austoker 1994a). Women’s magazines and health promotion leaflets are still offering detailed diagrams and earnest advice about 61 SCREENING how to detect lumps—resulting in a steady flow of frightened women, some scarcely out of their teens, who are more likely to win the national lottery than to have breast cancer. Another consequence of greater breast cancer awareness is the demand to extend mammography to women in their 40s. According to one commentator, this has provoked a debate in the USA ‘out of proportion to its potential impact on public health’ (Wells 1998). Despite the fact that numerous trials have failed to confirm the efficacy of this technique in younger women—and despite concerns that the radiation exposure involved might do greater harm— political pressures resulting from disease awareness campaigns have resulted in younger women having mammograms. Women who have had breast cancer are perhaps the greatest casualties of breast awareness. It is not only that they are reminded of their disease every time they turn on the television or open a newspaper or magazine—and every time they see a pink ribbon on the bus or train. The popular discussion of the role of lifestyle factors in predisposing women to breast cancer compounds women’s worries about their future with guilty reflections on their past behaviour. This is encouraged by epidemiological surveys which report the loosest of associations as causal influences. Thus the risk of breast cancer appears to be increased in women who have no children or who have them after the age of 30; in women who have taken the oral contraceptive pill or hormone replacement therapy; in women who drink alcohol and have a high fat diet. The relatively strong influence of family history on chances of getting breast cancer provides further scope for recriminations about genetic destiny and fatalistic ruminations about dying a premature and disfiguring death. During breast awareness week, a patient of mine who has survived mastectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy and now has a good prognosis, came in to ask me what she had done to deserve breast cancer. I don’t know who benefits from breast awareness, but I know many of its victims. Carrying on screening Despite all the problems of the cervical cytology and mammography programmes, the demand for more screening tests for other cancers continues to rise. One of the main sources of such demands in the late 1990s was the burgeoning men’s health movement, associated 62 SCREENING with the wave of men’s magazines, one of the publishing successes of the decade. Though it lacked the early radical impulse of feminism, the men’s health movement adopted the later preoccupation of some feminists with health as their model. Far from challenging medical authority, men’s health promoters urged men to submit themselves to it on a greater scale than ever before. In choosing campaigning issues, they proceeded by analogy with the feminists: they had cervical smears—we demand prostate examina- tions; they can do breast self-examination—we can feel our testicles. Though prostate cancer is relatively common in older men (95 per cent of 15,000 cases a year occur in men over 60), testicular cancer is a rare disease of younger men (causing around 100 deaths a year). Though treatment is often effective for both cancers, screening tests for early detection are generally considered unreliable. To detect prostate cancer it is possible to have a regular digital rectal examination, a blood test for the Prostate Specific Antigen, and a local ultrasound scan, but the predictive value of all these tests is low. Urologist Peter Whelan suggested that ‘Promotes Stress and Anxiety’ was an accurate description of the effect of the blood test. Given the rarity of testicular tumours, a high rate of false positive results is the inevitable outcome of any promotion of self- examination (Austoker 1994b). It is however striking that, long after medical authorities have accepted the ineffectiveness of screening tests like the PSA, or self- examination of breasts and testicles, pressure groups and popular magazines continue to promote them.

Meanwhile he had to concentrate hard on general surgery in order to 84 Who’s Who in Orthopedics attain the coveted rank of chirurgien des hôpitaux elled widely buy torsemide 20mg lowest price blood pressure medication infertility, especially in Great Britain and North in 1936 purchase torsemide 10 mg with mastercard pulse pressure 99. America, always seeking advances, often lectur- The declaration of war in 1939 and the long ing and generally acting as a roving orthopedic retreat of 1940 found Merle d’Aubigné as Captain ambassador for France. Not only did tion he worked in Paris under the double strain of it provide every facility for practice and for teach- belonging to the resistance and of protecting his ing, but also accommodation for an excellent first wife, Bibka, from deportation. When at last center of documentation (Meary’s brainchild) and Paris was liberated, he was promoted Colonel in for the secretariats of the Society, its library and charge of the medical services of the French its journal. Robert became full-time at Cochin and Forces of the Interior and given an office at the the transformed service ran smoothly from the Ministry of War. His own main surgical interests were in With the aid of his old friend Jean Cauchoix, he the hip, leg lengthening and bone tumors, but assembled a small but strong team ready to open by virtue of frequent consultation he kept well a Centre de Chirurgie Réparatrice in a private informed on all the special subjects of his large hospital requisitioned by the Army. Then in 1969, as President personality, thirst for knowledge and fluent of the Society, he had the prospect of a congress English guaranteed him a hearty welcome. That very years later, he recalled with special gratitude summer the terrorist assassinations at the Watson-Jones on theater technique, Seddon on Olympic Games caused many members to plead peripheral nerves, McIndoe on plastic surgery, either for cancellation or for a change in venue. Guttman on paraplegia and Frank Stinchfield on Courageous as ever, he would have none of it: the rehabilitation. His nately the much larger Hôpital Foch became dreams of 1930 had been fully realized. Services available and the expanded service attracted eager to the army and the resistance had won him many young surgeons, among them Michel Postel, decorations, learned societies had honored him. Jacques Ramadier, Robert Meary, Raoul Tubiana, In Great Britain, it was Honorary Fellowship Jean Benassy and Jacques Evrard, each of whom of the Royal Colleges of both England and was encouraged to concentrate on a special Edinburgh that gave him the most acute plea- subject. In France a supreme distinction was his All too quickly the approaching return of election to Membre de I’Institut. Hôpital Foch to its pre-war owners foretold an Retirement for Robert was a blend of sheer end of the center. To Robert the only hope of pleasure out of doors and brain work indoors. He retaining his team was to win the chair in adult and his second wife Christine enjoyed two homes, orthopedics becoming vacant in 1948 at Hôpital one near Paris and another in Alicante: the dis- Cochin, even though the accommodation in its tance between seemed not to matter. He won by a given him calm assistance with operations during very close margin. Around this time—1950— the hurried retreat of 1940 and again years ample state funds became available for the plan- later at Cochin; now it was companionship, ning and construction of a modern center, which whether sailing, tending their orange grove or in the event took 10 long years. Over this period of restraint, Robert gave The brain work was mainly literary. Robert enthusiastic support to the rapidly expanding already had six standard works to his part or French national society and to its renamed journal whole credit, with two more to complete. He also trav- he proudly fathered International Orthopedics, 85 Who’s Who in Orthopedics the journal of SICOT. Then he encouraged the He was responsible for the introduction of iodized board of La Revue to produce an edition in table salt. He also wrote two autobiographies, one made contributions to most branches of surgery. Merle d’Aubigné R (1982) Surfing the wave: fifty years in the growth of French orthopedic surgery. Paris, Edi- tions de la Table Ronde Jacques-Malthieu DELPECH 1777–1832 Jacques-Malthieu Delpech was born in Toulouse, where he began his medical studies at the age of 12 years under the aegis of Alexis Latrey, the uncle and first teacher of J. Returning to his studies, he was awarded a medical degree by the faculty of Montpellier in 1801. He continued his studies in Paris, where he divided his life into two parts: at night he worked to educate himself, and during Fritz De QUERVAIN the day he tutored other students to earn money 1868–1940 to live. His particular interests at this time were wound healing and scar tissue.